1. In the first sentence, it gives a reference to a specific place which is random and not specified but exists in the town. Both sentenceshave an adverb of degree that describes the place to be great. The second sentence brings out the meaning of the specificity of the place. The difference in grammar is the use of perfect present tense in the second sentence. Moreover, the second sentence indicates the actualization of the place in the present.
2. The first sentence refers to more than one crew who are under the instructions of one captain. The word ‘were’ indicates plurality in the number of the crew being referred. The second sentence refers to one crew which has been baffled by the captain’s instructions. It is implied by the word was which shows the instructed were directed to one group. The difference in the two sentences is the number of crews that are receiving instructions from the captain.
3. Constituency diagram

It indicates the relationship in the sentence without dependence.

My boss finally gave me a raise this month.

Boss                                        Me

My boss finally gave   me a raise this month.

Part 2 Phonetics

Assimilation in the phonology of the piece above will bring out the sound of the ending of one word which will blend with the beginning of the following word. From the piece, the word bears in assimilation may sound similar to bees and without keenness one may not differentiate. There is repressiveness in the word bears in its phonology. The phonology appears to be pronounced similarly for the two words. It is essential to pay attention to listening skills unlike the pronunciation in assimilated words.

Elison is the emission of sound or syllables in phonetics. The aim is to simplify the language in saying words. One has to listen carefully to understand the words. One of such words from the piece under context is ‘climb’ thus the syllable ‘b’ may be omitted. The phonology of such a word is ‘clim’ unlike climb. Similarly, the word wonder does not point out the ‘r’ syllable in phonology; hence the latter in this context is omitted. It enhances simplicity in communication unlike paying attention to the pronunciation of words as they should be in the correct grammar.

Liaison is linking of words or sounds in phonology that occurs without boundaries. Rhyme in the piece is essential which occurs at the end of every line. The uniformity is the syllable‘s’ whereby it occurs from the word ‘bees, trees, bears and stairs. Linking of these words has no boundaries in the sense that the aim is to achieve rhyme.

2. Transcribe

Thought- /’ϴϽ:t/

Bottom- /’bϷtәm/

So- /’sәʊ/

Bears-/’beәz/

All-/’Ͻ:l/

Stairs- /’steәz/

Wonder-/’wʌndә/

Got-/’gϷt/

Balloon- /bә/lu:n/

3. Tone units

It’s an amusing thought that, if bears were bees,

The pre-head- it’s

The head-thought

The nucleus-bears

The tail-bees

They’dbuild their nests at the bottom of trees,

The pre-head-They’d

The head- build

The nucleus- nests

The tail- trees

And that being so (if the bees were bears),

The pre-head-And

The head- being

The nucleus-bees

The tail-bears

We shouldn’t have to climb up all these stairs.

The pre-head- we

The head- climb

The tail- stairs

‘Iwonder if you’ve got such a thing as a balloon about you?’

The pre-head-wonder

The head- got

The nucleus- balloon

The tail- you

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