Question #1

Terrorism is the act of instilling fear in a mass of people through threats and intimidation. It could involve the unlawful use of violence as well as intimidation which is always against the civilians so that they pursue political goals. Terrorists are usually individuals who have been made to believe that there is a religion of Islam that does not support others referred to as pagans. Terrorist attacks always have very diverse effects ranging from the social, economic, political and even psychological. In as much as we might not be in a position of predicting the possibility of another attack, we cannot be sure when another disaster is likely to strike (Kennan, 2016). Since the 9/11 attack, the United States implemented a raft of measures that aimed at ensuring that they can detect a terror threat and eliminate it before it affects the majority of people. Terrorism could be distinguished from other forms of organized violence for instance revolution as terrorism is thought of as being more of religious. Radicalization is usually the approach used by terrorists. The different types of organized violence differ from terrorism as they are traditionally violence without the use of threats, intimidation, and cowardice.

Question #2

Robespierre argues that terror is justice that is usually prompt, severe, as well as inflexible. As such, it is in itself is an emanation of value. He further argues that terror without virtue is fatal, and could result in numerous fatalities (Kennan, 2016). I reject that it is usually an excuse for state terror. Many at times the terrorists attack, the state could be one of the reasons, but on the other hand, it could be thought to have formulated policies that led to the terror.

Question #3

Heinzen made the statements about the failed revolutions that were organized in Europe in 1848. The simple logic, therefore, does not justify the use of the same statement in propagating their violence (Kennan, 2016). The kind of violence associated with terrorism is violence which usually involves taking away of innocent lives without a justified cause. “If to kill is always a crime, then it is forbidden equally to all, if it is not a crime, then it is permitted equally to all” (Kennan, 2016). It is the piece that is borrowed by most terrorists when they kill. Instilling fear through intimidation and violence which is usually employed by terrorists is therefore in no way consistent with the arguments by Heinzen.

Question #4

Modern explosives helped in the detection of some of the explosives and detonators that were used before by terrorists and other extremist groups. In late 1800 and 1900, there were more and modern research being done on to ensure that the interventions by terrorists are squashed.These researches were and aimed at confiscating extremism to achieve a tranquil globe. Modernization of the explosives, therefore, altered significantly the tactics and their expectations which therefore affected their role in warfare (Martin, 2014).

Question #5

I agree that terrorism is always the same whether state or even the sub-state agencies commit it. Of course, this is true because terrorism that is always inflicted by the clandestine groups is no different from reigns of terror that is demonstrated by totalitarian regimes. Therefore, this is enough evidence that in terror is terror irrespective of who commits the terror (Martin, 2014). Million innocent lives were lost in the Communist, Fascist and Nazi regimes in the Soviet Union. These are terrorism that was committed by the state which affected the population; this was terrorism that was driven by the quest for political power.

References

Kennan, C. (2016). The Rise of ISIS: The Modern Age of Terrorism. New York, NY: Greenhaven Publishing LLC.

Martin, G. (2014). The new era of terrorism: Selected Readings. Thousand Oaks, California (U.S.A.: Sage.

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