Psychosocial rehabilitation promotes successful integration of the community, personal recovery, and satisfactory life quality for an individual with a mental health problem or mental disease. Psychosocial rehabilitation services, as well as supports, are person directed, collaborative, and individualised as well as an essential element of human service spectrum (Corrigan, 2016). They focus on assisting people to develop skills and access resources required to increase their capacity to be satisfied and successful in the working, learning, social, and living environment of their choice and consists of a wide range of supports and services. The fundamental Psychiatric Rehabilitation principles include:

Individualization of All Services. The principle implies that rehabilitation formulation of goal; service provision and assessment respond to individual desires and needs of the customer. Since it permits each to develop based on her hopes and likes. Service individualization plays a crucial role in the process of recovery (Corrigan, 2016).

Maximum patient Involvement, Choice, and Preference. The principle is associated with the very personal nature of rehabilitation and recovery. Every individual has a unique set of likes and preferences, aspirations, and values.  Services or goals that are chosen for the client by the anyone else or practitioner for that reason are throwaway.

The partnership between Service Recipient and Service Provider. In trying to help an individual with the recovery and rehabilitation process, the Psychiatric Rehabilitation practitioner require first to create a definite link with the individual that is characterized by mutual trust and respect. It might take substantial effort and time to build such a working relationship.  Once created, the relationship between consumers and Psychiatric Rehabilitation practitioners are a true partnership. It implies both parties—the provider and consumer –work jointly to establish effective rehabilitation strategies. The perspectives of the participants are perceived as essential and valuable to the work (Corrigan, 2016).

Normalized and community-based services: normalization is the promotion of valued social roles. Neighbor, parent, student, and worker are positive social roles mostly valued by society. Psychiatric patient, as well as group home resident, are examples of social functions that are devalued. Psychiatric Rehabilitation services are designed to mainly help individuals in taking on as well as succeeding in valued social roles (King et al., 2012).

Focus on strength: Psychiatric Rehabilitation practitioners and services recognize as well as build on the strengths of an individual rather than concentrating on her or his deficits or weakness.  Consumers with a long history of psychiatric hospitalizations are accustomed to professionals focusing on their problems and symptoms (King et al., 2012).

From the person with the mental disease, recovery implies gaining as well as retaining hope, understanding of individual disabilities and abilities, engagement in active life, social identity, personal autonomy, a positive sense of self, and meaning and purpose in life.  The principle of recovery philosophy include:

Individual uniqueness, which means recognizing the fact that recovery, is not just about the cure but also involve having opportunities for choices as well as living a meaningful, being a valued member of the society,  and purposeful and satisfying life. It highlights that outcomes of recovery are unique and personal for every person and is beyond a special health focus to include stress on social inclusion as well as life quality (Torrey &Zdanowicz, 1999).

Real choices, which supports as well as empower people, to make their own decisions regarding how they would prefer to lead their lives and recognizes choices, need to be creatively and meaningfully explored. The philosophy also supports people to build on their strength and take great responsibility for their lives (Readings in psychiatric rehabilitation and recovery, 2011).

Attitudes and rights:  it involves learning from, listening to and acting on communications from the person and their care provider regarding what is essential to each person. It also protects a person’s human, citizenships, and legal rights. It also supports people to develop as well as maintain vocational, occupational, recreational, social activities, which are meaningful to the person.

Respect and Dignity: which advocates and supports courtesy, honesty, and respect in all interactions and involves respect and sensitivity for each person especially for their culture, beliefs, and values (Readings in psychiatric rehabilitation and recovery, 2011).

According to Torrey, Deinstitutionalization worsened the mental illness crisis since, once public psychiatric beds were closed, the majority of people with medical disorder failed to get proper treatment hence suffered a lot (Torrey &Zdanowicz, 1999).  Deinstitutionalization contributed largely to the failure to treat people with manic-depressive disorders and schizophrenia and this has promoted the widespread discrimination and stigma against people with mental disease.  Torrey proposes that the deinstitutionalization policy must be changed to solve the issue of mental illness stigma as well as solve the country’s mental disease crisis. The principle of deinstitutionalization was that severe mental disease should be treated in the setting, which is least restrictive with an objective of maintaining the greatest level of self-determination, freedom, the integrity of the mind, spirit, and body, autonomy, and dignity. This resulted in increasing number of mentally ill individuals living on the streets, starving, as well as freezing(Torrey &Zdanowicz, 1999).

The tension between a treatment philosophy based on psychiatric rehabilitation and recovery principles and Torrey’s argument about how to “fix” deinstitutionalization is that Torrey some recommendations that are against some recovery and psychiatric rehabilitation.  Recovery and psychiatric rehabilitation promote autonomy and freedom of choice, the right of the patient to accept or decline to treatment. These people should be forced to get treatment since the longer, and they stay without treatment the more permanent their conditions become (Torrey &Zdanowicz, 1999).

References

Corrigan, P. W. (2016). Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Second Edition: An Empirical Approach. Guilford Publications.

King, R., Lloyd, C., & Meehan, T. (2013). Handbook of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Readings in psychiatric rehabilitation and recovery. (2011). Place of publication not identified: Center For Psychiatric.

Torrey, E., &Zdanowicz, M. (1999). Deinstitutionalization Hasn’t Worked. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1999/07/09/deinstitutionalization-hasnt-worked/31574935-984f-41a6-ba0b-55b071cf8b4c/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.5db2d0f91efa

 
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