Article one: Association of Soda and Type 2 Diabetes

The study which was published in the journal of Diabetologia investigated the association between the development of type 2 diabetes and consumption of sugar-sweetened diet drinks such as soda. The study established a strong link between soda intake and type 2 diabetes. However, the study did not provide evidence to conclude that soda causes type 2 diabetes. The findings showed that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increased proportionally with the increase in soda intake. For instance, those taking one soda a day were 18% more likely to develop type two diabetes as compared to those who did not take soda. Moreover, those taking two sodas a day were 18% more likely to develop stroke as compared to those taking one soda. Other risk factors for the development of diabetes considered in the study include age, level of physical exercise, body mass index (BMI) and daily caloric intake.

The variables analyzed in the study include the risk factors for diabetes type 2 such as age, physical activity, BMI and daily calorie intake.The results of the correlational analysis were presented in terms of proportions where the percentages of those who developed diabetes were analyzed against those who did not develop diabetes. For instance, the researcher reports that taking one soda a day increased the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 18%.

The author causally presents the result since she reports that taking sugar-sweetened soda causes an increase in the risk of developing diabetes. One variable (soda intake) affects the other (development of diabetes)

An additional variable which was not included in the study and is worth adding is gender. Gender may significantly affect the outcome of the study as the male may respond the sugar intake differently as compared to female, making it worthwhile to distinguish the response to soda intake and diabetes development in terms of gender.

It is worthy to make changes in lifestyle based on the result presented by the correlational study because the association between soda and type 2 diabetes established by the research is based on evidence and the sample size considered in the study is representative enough to paint a picture of what is happening in the population. Furthermore, that study was performed over a long period (1991 to 2007,) making it justifiable.

Going to church and obesity

The research presented evidence linking going to church and obesity. Going to church is associated with happiness, low smoking, and alcohol intake rates and longer life which directly affects the rate at which one can become fat. Middle-aged adults who frequently go to church are at a higher risk of developing obesity (Park, 2011). There is a direct correlation between being religious and weight gain.The study recruited 2400 participants, and the findings showed that people who are more religious have a wider social network, which may provide opportunities for churchgoers to gather for food and drinks.

The variables described in the study include the rate of weight gain, time, social networks and religiosity. The results of the study have been reported in rates. For instance, during the American Herat Association conference, it was reported that people who go to church or are involved in religious activities are once every week are more than twice likely to become obese relative to those who do not go to church (Park, 2011). The author presents the results as causal, whereby he describes that being more religious causes the risk of becoming obese. Important variables which were not included in the study are gender and health status. Growing obese may vary significantly between male and female thus creating a necessity for describing obesity risk and being religious with respect to gender. Additionally, an individual’s health status may dramatically affect the rate at which they develop obesity. For example,healthy people who go to church have a higher risk of developing obesity as compared to sick people who go to church (Park, 2011).

According to correlational studies, the result presented here is not strong enough to warrant changing lifestyle. It is not very clear that going to church significantly increases the obesity rate. The author presented the results as presented in the primary source because the author has captured all the results.

Movement and health

The research focuses on health and body motions. Evidence proving that standing while working promotes good health helps to check on weight and encourages the use of calories. Movements such as fidgeting are healthy. The study encourages us to embrace the standing-while-working culture to promote good health.

The variables described in the study include blood sugar, Body mass Index waist circumference, triglycerides, and cholesterol level. The results of the study have been presented in terms of proportions (percentages). The author of the article presents the results in a causal manner. For instance, standing has a direct impact on the use of calories, thus helping to reduce body weight.An additional variable is gender. It is possible that the rate at which movements can promote health can differ between male and female participants.

Based on correlational studies, the data presented in this study is sufficient enough to warrant lifestyle changes. The study supports the notion that standing while working is a good health practice. The author has presented the results precisely as it is in the primary source.

Causation and correlation

Correlational studies are frequently used by journalists to present ideas and speculations. The sensitivity of information provided by journalists for public consumption requires that they carefully distinguish between correlation and causation. One action can cause another, for instance; smoking can cause lung cancer. On the other hand, correlation implies that two or more actions can occur together such as smoking is correlated with high alcohol intake.

Variables described in the study include alcohol consumption, smoking and lung cancer. The results of the study have been presented in terms of qualitative/descriptive data. The result presented are causal. For instance, smoking causes lung cancer. Age of the participants is an important variable that was not included in the study. Age differences may alter the rate at which some patients develop lung cancer due to their age.The data presented in the study is sufficient and has been presented according to the correlational study.

References

Bunch, T. J. (2015, Aug. 7). Standing vs. Sitting: Why Movement Boosts Our Health. Everyday Health.

Park, A. (2011). Why going to church can make you fat. Time. Available at: https://ncuone.ncu.edu/d2l/le/content/92468/viewContent/675493/View

Rettner, R. (2013 April 24) One Can of Soda a Day Raises Diabetes Risk, Study Suggests. Huffpost Healthy Living

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