International business involves all the commercial activities that occur to promote the transfer of goods, services, technologies and ideas across national boundaries. A study in international business encompasses an understanding of how the factors mentioned affects countries, companies, individuals domestic and foreign markets. The annotated bibliography explains some of the discussions raised to provide an understanding of international business.

Christiansen, B. (2018). Cultural Indoctrination and Open Innovation in International Business. Global Journal of Economics & Business, 7(14), 102–116. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=134588711&site=ehost-live

Summary

The article examines the relationship that occurs between cultural indoctrination (CI) and innovation and how it is vital in global competition. Organisations interact with diverse stakeholders with different cultural backgrounds. It is hence imperative to comprehend how cultural differences define an individual and overall business performance.

Application in Project 4

International business involves regular interaction with people of different cultures. The nature of the business is very competitive and progressive innovation is required to obtain a competitive advantage. Understanding how different cultural backgrounds affect an individual ability to perform improves an understanding of why certain nations are more innovative than others.

Tenzer, H., Terjesen, S., & Harzing, A.-W. (2017). Language in International Business: A Review and Agenda for Future Research. Management International Review (MIR), 57(6), 815–854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-017-0319-x

Summary

Language diversity influences decision making in the current multinational corporations. Language is an essential element that constitutes the organisational communication. Organisational communication is vital in the understanding of goals and achieving corporate success. The primary concern of the research article is to show how language diversity affects international engagement in business.

Application in Project 4

Multinational corporations employ employees from different ethnicity who do not use a common language. International businesses must be managed diligently by the corporate heads so that their organisations can compete effectively. The complexity that arises in international trade due to the use of different languages calls for the attention of the foreign corporations to develop a common language which can be understood by everyone to facilitate communication.

Rose-Ackerman, S. (2018). Corruption in International Business: The Obligations of Multinational Firms. Zeitschrift Fuer Wirtschafts- Und Unternehmensethik, 19(1), 6–24. https://doi.org/10.5771/1439-880X-2018-1-6

The articles express how corruption has implicated numerous multinational corporations. Among all the different forms of corruption identified, the most common type in multinational firms is cross-border deals. The multinational corporation should not make payoffs during trade since the modern institutions of anti-corruption have a significant weakness. The article shows that institutional managers must practice ethical standards so that they can refrain from corruption.

Application in Project 4

Corruption is a menace which is dwarfing the normal operations of most organisations. The culture has spread into international business, and every multinational corporation is implicated frequently with unethical practices. The article is essential in understanding ways in which organisational managers can act ethically to circumvent corruption. Circumventing corruption implies that, international business will be free from corruption and all the processes will be transparent.

Puślecki, Z. W. (2016). Current Re-Shaping of International Business. Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego We Wroclawiu, (450), 471–490. https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2016.450.41

Summary

The author has identified the increasing economic tie that is connected to international trade.

The article has hence emphasised that more approaches should be considered to re-shape international business.  The multilateral system of trade should be adjusted to trade developments and within the trading environment. The global supply chains are expected to increase as the overall trade power is also shifting. Control measures are essential in international trade, and it must be enacted with the increasing competition.

Application in Project 4

The increasing rate of international trade among the member nations has come with new developments. The culture of business system is that as it changes, all the other components of the system that makes up the general process must also be developed. The knowledge acquired from the article explains why international trade needs to be designed to match the increased competition in global business.

Ashley, S., Schaap, H., & de Bruijn, E. (2017). Revealing a conceptual understanding of international business. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(5), 690–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2016.1178212

Summary

The author expresses the challenge that is experienced while preparing business students to pursue different roles in international business. The international business students should be issued with a world view study, global attitude and business knowledge. The students should also be prepared to encounter the harsh nature of the international business since every business situation comes with new challenges. To operate in global business environments, professionals will be required to be able to relate concepts to the actual situation in the global markets.

Application in Project 4

International business requires a proper understanding by business professionals who can diligently act in diverse business environments. Adequate knowledge and skills must be applied while managing a global business system which requires leadership skills, accounting and finance experience and improved communication skills. The research study is essential to international schools which are providing programs in international business. Such institutions must come up with the best educational programs that can equip students with quality and relevant knowledge essential in running a global business.

 
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