Charles Lyell

            Charles Lyell was born in 1797 who studied geology. He developed a theory known as uniformitarianism which defines previous geological processes still occur in the modern world and shall occur in the next generation. The theory of uniformitarianism was essential in Charles Darwin research by interpreting geological changes might act similarly in biological changes, and the changes shall still be in an unceasing rate.

Thomas Malthus

            Thomas Malthus was born in 1766. He studied and majored in economics. Malthus developed his Malthusian theory about the impact of population increase on available resources. The theory illustrates that resources tend to decrease as the population increases with time. Form the theory. Darwin developed a concept known as the survival of the fittest, where he demonstrates that the weak organisms cannot survive in harder conditions than the robust organisms.

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born in August 1744. He established his academic career in zoology and botany.

Lamarck developed a theory known as the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, also known as the Lamarckism or even Lamarckian inheritance. The theory stated that an organism has the capability of transmitting specific characteristics through either use or disuse in the era of the organism. For this to happen, the organism should be able to survive in the new environment so that they can be able to pass on the characteristics of the new offspring.

Lamarck’s influence on Charles Darwin is demonstrated by developing a theory that suggests species do change over time. In time, however, the theory of Inheritance of Acquired characteristics became inaccurate.

Alfred Russel Wallace

            Alfred Russel Wallace was born in 1823. Wallace was a naturalist. He brought about the concept of evolution by natural selection that paved the way for Charles Darwin to develop his theory of natural selection.

Difference between a theory and a hypothesis.

Theory

A theory is an explanation of any natural occurrence that is backed up by numerous scientific or mere experiments and even many observations. It is also a norm that is usually derived to have an attempt to clarifying a finding which has been validated by statistics.

Hypothesis

            A hypothesis, on the other hand, is a mere assumption or notion formed to make sense of an argument. It is also a testable description of a condition. Typically, in conducting any scientific research, a hypothesis is the first step in formulating the analysis.

The distinction between the two terms is essential in understanding the process involving scientific methods of research. The hypothesis is usually the first step in conducting a scientific procedure.

Importance of scientific methods in our society.
Scientific methods are essential in eliminating biasness when carrying out scientific research. Its importance lies on the fundamentals that any scientific finding needs thorough scrutiny; hence any form of bias is likely to be eradicated.

Scientific methods aid in making an aim or objective of an experiment, research methods, data collection, and data analysis. In the procedure, the primary purpose is for data collection.

Define polygenic and pleiotropic traits and explain their significance for researchers’ efforts to link human genotypes to phenotypes.

Polygenic Trait

This is the phenotype that is influenced by the presence of several genes. For instance, in the human skin, the skin-melanin contains the polygenic trait.

Pleiotropic trait

            This is the trait that illustrates that a single gene has total control over the numerous phenotypes in which they are not related in their genetic structure. Also, they can arise in unique genes by mutation.

Significance

The appearance of polygenic genes is influenced by the availability of multiple genes whereas a pleiotropic trait becomes controlled by the presence of discrete phenotypes concerning the functionality to a gene. Furthermore, polygenic traits can have variance in individual genotypes due to the dependence of numerous genes while in a pleiotropic trait, a single gene influences different phenotypes to produce results indicating changes in an absolute position in an individual’s comparable differences in genotypes.

Should genes be patented? Why or why not?

I believe that genes should be allowed to occur naturally without any patenting. Reasons for this is the creation of distorted genes that would cause harm in the attempt to finding scientific advances. Furthermore, I believe it is a total violation of genetic laws and the laws of nature.

 
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