1. Explain the difference between energy beverages and sports drinks.

Energy drinks refer to beverages that contain different levels of caffeine and conventional additives such as carnitine, vitamins, theanine, taurine, creatine, sugars, herbal supplements, etc. Energy drinks play the role of improving alertness and concentration which in turn improves physical and mental performance. Sports drinks differ from energy drinks in the sense that typically flavored with minerals, carbohydrates, electrolytes, and other nutrients. Sports drinks are purposed to restore energy lost rather than energize.

2. Identify the most common ingredients found in energy drinks and shots.

Energy drinks and shots have a high concentration of caffeine, fewer calories, and ingredients. The ingredients are theanine, taurine, creatine, sugars, carnitine, vitamins, herbal supplements

3. What a toxic dose of caffeine is for adults.

Acute clinical toxicity for caffeine in adults starts 1g, and 5 to 10g.

4. What are a safe limit of caffeine for children, adolescents, and adults?

Children are recommended to take a limit of 100mg/day, while adolescents should take 2.5mg/day and adults about 400mg/day or less.

5. Identify at least one symptom of caffeine toxicity.

Caffeine toxicity above 300mg/day causes panic attacks, anxiety especially for people under stress. Also, caffeine intoxication in adults may cause tremors, heart palpitations, insomnia, tachycardia, stomach upset, etc. Higher levels of caffeine intake about 5 to 20 grams can cause abdominal pain and induce vomiting, stroke, hypokalemia, paralysis, rigidity, arrhythmias, seizures, hallucinations, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, altered consciousness, and death.

6. Describe at least one of the risks of combining energy drinks with alcohol.

Consumption of energy drinks is considered safe but when combined with alcoholic beverage causes adverse effects which can include death. A caffeine drinks cover the sedative effects of alcohol and decrease drunkenness sensation without reducing alcohol-related impairment, and this is risk combination. Again the combination causes a reduction in visual reaction and motor coordination while the alcohol concentration remains the same.

While consuming energy drinks along with alcohol significantly reduces the subjective sensations of intoxication, objective effects on motor coordination and visual reaction time as well as breath alcohol concentration are unchanged

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