Previous researchers have found that for a person to achieve better and more effective communication competence, it is necessary to develop skills that allow an appropriate participation in specific situations. The ability to listen, ask questions, and express concepts or ideas effectively is an important part of communication competence. Intercultural communication presents an unexplored and challenging field that needs to be understood for a better development in communication. (Dillon and McKenzie, 1998). (review APA format for citations in-text with two authors – should the word “and” be used in parenthetical citations? Is a period necessary before and after the citation?) (Also, while the statement is true, it is not exactly clear how this sentence is related to communication competence or the point you are attempting to make? How can you revise this sentence or paragraph to connect the two concepts effectively and improve the unity of the paragraph?) The variables of listening depend on the different perceptions that a person obtains through their cultural background. Furthermore, culture often affects the structure of consciousness in the act of listening. When a person seeks to listen sincerely, the ability to communicate has more depth and is more natural. (An introduction states the purpose and goals of the paper. You have stated that communication competence is dependent on specific skills (listening) and that those skills are affected by cultural background. How can you revise the introduction to state the goal or purpose of your paper clearly? The end of your introduction paragraph should include a “thesis statement,” which clearly states the points you plan to analyze or discuss.)

The problem (be specific; what problem?) comes when people who are listening are not aware of the listening process. This is a common problem in cross-cultural communication encounters. People may think they are actively listening but they are unaware of cultural biases that are interrupting the process. According to Purdy (1998), individuals are not aware of the listening process because they do not know how to discern beyond the bubble of the assumption based on mere stereotypes. The major issue with operating based on stereotypes is that culture is not homogenous. Rokeach (1969); Tanno & Jandt (1994), have found that beliefs, values, and attitudes differ between minority and majority groups within the same culture (as cited in Dillon and McKenzie, 1998, p. 108).  In order to have better communication between different cultures, more information about cultural background should been (“been” is not the correct verb form after the modal verb “should”; review modal verbs) taken into account. Minorities often have different values, perspectives, thoughts, and beliefs than the majority or mainstream culture. (This seems to repeat a point you made earlier in the paragraph. Consider adding a sentence or two on how information about cultural backgrounds can improve communication.)

It is fundamental for accurate communication to have good cultural apprehension and effectiveness. Dillon and McKenzie (1998) study and found(“study” and “found” do not match in verb tense) that the most important factors that should be analyzed for better listening are receiver apprehension, willingness to communicate, and readiness to listen, in addition to improving culture competence. To achieve intercultural skills is to avoid generalizations about other cultures, unless (A comma is not necessary before a dependent clause marker; review dependent clause markers.) they are completely familiar. When listening is perceived to be required, the quality and intensity of a person is mediated by their attitude toward the concepts of listening competence and performance (Imhof & Janusik, 2006). Culture forms an individual’s worldview, and is especially pronounced when intercultural communication is attempted. To take into account the effects of listening, it is important to consider the speaker and the listener. Both speaker and listener perceive the event, the process of listening, and the result of the process. One example of this is when the listener thinks what the speaker is saying is interesting. The listener assesses the situation and takes in the information, and starts asking questions. Listening is a process that we do with our perceptions of what we hear. Therefore, what one hears is analyzed by cultural perceptions.

The interpretation of those perceptions are basic to the process of communication, because the way a message is interpreted varies according to the culture of the person and individual experience. It also depends on the context of the communication and the situation presented. Larson, Backlund, Redmon, & Barbour (1978), established that communication competence is not just “hope for” accomplishing a good connection with another, it is critical and necessary to develop the skill of listening to understanding another’s background in order to   have a satisfactorily role in society (as cited in Dillon and McKenzie, 1998, p. 108).

A first requirement to become skilled at speaking and listening cross-culturally is to know the culture. When someone is aware of other cultural backgrounds as well of their own, they overcome a big obstacle to effective communication. Most people identify with certain cultures, but a large percentage of people are not aware of how their cultural perception affects their behavior.

Communication is so incorporated into human life that the act itself makes us social creatures who can transmit social knowledge acquired to others. This foundation reflects the collective perception of reality, and therefore in the concept of listening and differences among cultures. (sentence fragment?)

Culture conflicts with the form (the word seems out of context; what word should you use?) of perception of the world or of another culture’s reality. History and common events prove that it is not difficult for this to happen. According to Thomlinson (1991), our world would be enhanced and different once we start to be real active intercultural listeners by becoming more open to other cultures (this seems repetitive; it is the definition of being an intercultural listener.). (as is cited in Dillon & McKenzie, 1998, p. 108). (review APA format for citations in-text – is a period necessary before and after the citation? Also, review APA conventions for secondary sources. Is this sentence a direct quotation? Is the source at the beginning of the sentence included in your references?)

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