Up until the 1960s, the rhythm and barrier contraceptives were the only available methods of birth control (Smith et al., 2017). Oral contraceptives were introduced to help solve the problem of unwanted pregnancies. Birth control pill plays an imperative role in the reproductive and overall health of women.  Due to the increase and acceptance of the modern family planning methods, the desired number of children per family within the U.S. is now 2 (Nieminen et al., 2015). While most women who use the birth control experience no side effects, oral contraceptives are known to carry some risks. The birth control pill works by providing hormones that prevent a woman from ovulating during her menstrual cycle. Because of the effect of the birth control pill in the body is to change hormonal imbalance, some women are likely to experience bleeding between periods, migraine, headaches, nausea and carcinoma. Like all medications, birth control pills depict these side effects but occur between 2 and 3 months (Petitti, 2017).  Research studies show that there is a high relationship between oral contraceptive and squamous carcinoma of the cervix in women.  This paper seeks to determine the relationship between oral contraceptive and carcinoma in women from Nevada, U.S.

Method

The Demographic and Health Survey from 5 hospitals within Nevada will be analyzed using health indices that allow for the identification of the women that take an oral contraceptive and have reported cancer of the cervix. A total of 20 cases of women with squamous carcinoma and 30 matched controls will also be evaluated.  The data will be collected from interviews and questionersSmith et al., 2017). To obtain more information concerning this issue, a literature review will be conducted, and health data records from the ministry of health will be used to verify the hypothesis. The mean interval between the first use of contraceptives and entry into the study will be obtained on patients with squamous carcinoma. The difference in the duration of contraceptive usage among the women in the two groups will be determined.

References

Nieminen, P., Kallio, M., &Hakama, M. (2015).The effect of mass screening on incidence and mortality of squamous and adenocarcinoma of cervix uteri. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 85(6), 1017-1021.

Petitti, D. B. (2017).Combination estrogen–progestin oral contraceptives. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(15), 1443-1450.

Smith, J. S., Green, J., De Gonzalez, A. B., Appleby, P., Peto, J., Plummer, M., …&Beral, V. (2017). Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review. The Lancet, 361(9364), 1159-1167.

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