Ringhofer, Lisa, Simron Jit Singh, and Marina Fischer-Kowalski. “Beyond Boserup: the role of working time in agricultural development.” Ester Boserup’s Legacy on Sustainability. Springer, Dordrecht, 2014. 117-138.

The two authors of the article include Lisa Ringhofer who has a PhD. in sociology, Simon Jit Singh who has a PhD. in Human ecology, and Marina Fischer-Kowalski who is a professor in Alpen Adria University with a PhD. in sociology. The primary focus of the work is to analyze how agricultural production methods have changed over the past few decades since the introduction of technology. The contents of the book include agricultural changes, how women play a pivotal role in the economic development of a nation, and technological changes over the past decade. The audience of the book is modern society since everyone is involved in the economic development of their motherland.

The authors begin by analyzing Boserup’s theory which asserts that agricultural production is dependent on the population of a nation. Henceforth, the authors state that technological advancements have been pivotal in altering agricultural production of different countries. Initially, women were perceived to lack contribution to the economic development of a nation. However, changes have occurred over the past decades which affirm that women have a crucial contribution to economic growth. The research article is useful in the field of agriculture as it advances the knowledge about effective agricultural methods.

Headey, Derek D. “The evolution of global farming land: facts and interpretations.” Agricultural economics 47. S1 (2016): 185-196.

The author of the article is a senior research analyst at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in Washington D.C. The primary focus of the article is to understand how agricultural production has changed over the years. The contents of the article include the changes in agricultural land area and the trends in farm sizes since the integration of technology in agricultural production. The primary audience for the books suffices to be the developing nations which need to improve their production methods to achieve economic sustainability.

The special feature of the source is that it was conducted by a research analyst from (IFPRI). Therefore, without any conflict of interests, the author has the entitlement to comprehensively carry out the research and ensure that the outcomes are objective. The author states that there have been various changes that have led to the changes in the approach to global farming. Unlike the Boserup’s times, production methods have changed which ensure that small pieces of land can produce surplus harvest to cater for the rapidly growing population.

Verburg, Peter H. “The representation of human-environment interactions in land change research and modelling.” Understanding Society and Natural Resources. Springer, Dordrecht, 2014. 161-177.

The author is a professor at the Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam. The contents of the book assess how human-environmental interaction has influenced the changes in land and agricultural production. The article addresses the changes that have occurred over the past decade with the advancement in technology and changes in population. The leaders of the various nations are the audience for the article as the author elaborates on the changes in agricultural production and how it has changed over the past decade.

The special feature of the article is the analysis of the population growth and agricultural sustainability through neo-Malthusian theories that states that there are limits to growth. The important observation of the author is that scientists have significantly ignored issues about the fabric of society. Unlike in the past, modern society requires multi-disciplinary collaboration because various issues contribute to the development and sustainability of the economy.

All the above sources are useful in any research involving economic sustainability and development. The three sources can be used in one essay because they discuss common themes which are economic development and changes in agricultural production. While writing an essay, I would also consult other books and articles to confirm the validity and reliability of the issues discussed by the sources listed above because overreliance on few sources can lead to false negative and positive.

 
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