Introduction:

 

Cable TV providers provide sports news, presentations, entertainment and real-time music. Videos are embedded in cable TV in a market environment where the video is set to replace data and text in many cases. Religion, food, travel, medicine and weather are specialized television shows. Cable TV has all of them. The ability to combine these offers with one-stream offers will not be replaced. The Internet is good for playback and user-generated content, but the cable TV ad package has obvious benefits for viewers.

Cable-based industry-based advertising is accepted by viewers as a trade-off with a significantly higher cost of direct purchase, providing a sustainable cable TV business model. Cable TV has great value because people can watch channels that they may not see as part of the package.

It aggregates video content in a way that does not work in the music industry. People want to create their own music packages, but the video is much more complex. Assembling in the way that the cable television industry provides is very sophisticated and does not resemble the music industry at all. What a good show for one year is not good the next day. The ability to turn back and forth gives people the ability to change viewing habits, without the rhythm of individual download options is of great value to users.

The cable television network has evolved to support digital video and bi-directional services such as high-speed data, video-on-demand and telephone. Around the world there is a trend for cable operators to increase their investments in their networks.

Cable modem business is operated by industry dynamics related to expanding information and entertainment services at home. Trends increase wireless connectivity to access video and data over the Internet by using a variety of digital devices at home.

The Internet is the only network protocol to move forward. When cable providers build more high-bandwidth video capabilities, they will build on Internet protocols. The pace of service delivery continues to increase. Continue a variety of devices consumed in the increase. This change increases the bandwidth and demand consumption of cable modem products.

 

Cable operators demand advanced networking technologies and software solutions. The increase in the volume and complexity of signals transmitted over broadband networks as a result of the transition to a full digital network on demand, requires cable operators to deploy new technologies. Transport technologies rely on IP.

 

This allows cable operators to pay for video, audio and data effectively over a shared network infrastructure. Cable operators demand network software applications and complex service management that reduce the operating expenses needed to support the complexity of two-way broadband communication systems. Cable operators focus on flexible, cost-effective and industry-standard technologies and products that are open and scalable to meet subscriber growth and deliver reliable and improved services.

 

It is best to treat chronic conditions early when a change occurs in the patient’s condition, and early intervention can make a difference. It is best to treat them in a healthy therapeutic environment before there are signs of a chronic disease, before the symptoms develop, by addressing the problems of early lifestyle. Cable modems are a means of relaying telemedicine to HDTV, allowing patients with chronic conditions access to tele-care.

 

 

Research body:

 

Cable modems are devices that allow high-speed internet access over a cable TV network. Although the cable modem is in some respects analogous to the conventional analog modem, it is much more powerful and capable of delivering data about 500 times faster.

 

• How the modem cable works?

The current Internet access via a 28.8, 33.6, or 56 kbps modem is referred to as the audio band modem technology. Such as audio range modems, cable modems modify and remove the formation of data signals. However, cable modems include more functionality for high-speed Internet services today. In the cable network, data from the network is referred to the user downstream, while data from the user to the network is referred to as the upstream. From a user perspective, the cable modem is a 64/256 RF QAM receiver capable of connecting up to 30 to 40 Mbps of data in a 6 MHz cable channel. This is 500 times faster than a 56-kbps modem. The data is sent from a user to the network in a flexible and programmable system to control the headend. Data is modified using a QAM / QAM transmitter with data rates of 320 kbps to 10 Mbps. Higher upstream and downstream data rates may be configured using cable modems to suit subscriber needs. For example, a business service can be programmed to receive a higher bandwidth. However, a residential user may be configured to obtain higher bandwidth access to the Internet while limited to sending a low bandwidth to the network.

The subscriber can continue to receive the cable television service while simultaneously receiving the data on the cable modem to be delivered to a PC with the help of a simple one to two PBX (see Figure 1). The data service provided by the cable modem may be shared by up to sixteen users in a local area network (LAN) configuration. Because some cable networks are compatible with television broadcasting services, cable modems may use either a standard telephone line or QAMK / 16 QAM modem over a two-way cable system to transfer data from a user’s location to the network. When using a telephone line in conjunction with a one-way broadcast network, the cable data system is referred to as the TRI system. In this mode, a satellite or wireless network can also operate as a data network. The cable address combines the final data channels with video, pay-per-view, audio, and local advertiser software that subscribers receive on TV. The merged signal then travels over the cable distribution network. In the user’s location, the TV signal is received by the decoder, while user data is received separately by the cable modem box and sent to the computer. Another important element in the day-to-day operations and management of a cable data system is the Component Management System (EMS). EMS is a process system designed specifically to configure and manage CMM subscribers and cable connected to the modem. Operations tasks include provisioning, daily management, monitoring, alerts, and testing of multiple CMTS components. From the central network operation center (NOC), EMS can support many CMTS systems in the geographic region.

 

• Features of cable data system

In addition to configuration and demodulation, the cable modem has many features to expand broadband connections to WAN. The network layer is selected as an Internet Protocol (IP) to support Internet services and the World Wide Web. The data link layer consists of three sub-layers: a sub-layer of the logical control of the link, a link security subsystem that matches the security requirements, the MAC layer suitable for the cable system operations. Current cable modem systems use an Ethernet frame format to transfer data through upstream and downstream data channels. Both the data sub-channels and the associated pop-up data channels on the cable network constitute a wide network of Ethernet. As subscribers increase, the cable operator can add more pop-up and receiving data channels to support the demand for additional bandwidth in the cable data network. From this perspective, the growth of new cable data networks can be managed in the same way as Ethernet LANs grow in a corporate environment.

 

Structure of the data cable network

The network architecture of the cable data is similar to the architecture of a LAN. CMTS provides an extended Ethernet network over WAN with geographic access up to 100 miles. The cable data network may be managed entirely by the local cable operations unit. Alternatively, all operations can be grouped into a regional data center for economies of scale. A particular geographic or urban area may contain a few cable television sites connected by fiber optic links. Daily operations can be consolidated and the cable data network managed in a single location, such as the super hub, while other sites can be managed as core centers

 

Network layer

IP cable data networks are used to connect from a cable modem to the network. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the basis of all IP address assignments and management in the cable network. The Network Address Translation (NAT) system can be used to assign multiple computers that use one high-speed access over a cable modem.

 

Transport Layer

Cable data networks support the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) in the transport layer.

 

Application Layer

All Internet-related applications are supported here. These applications include e-mail, FTP, tftp, http, news, chat, and network management protocol signals (SNMP). Provides the use of SNMP to manage CMTS and cable data networks.

 

Operations System

The requirements of the OSSI interface in DOCSIS determine how to manage the cable data network. To date, the MIB requirements define RF. This enables system suppliers to develop EMS to support spectrum management, subscriber management, billing and other processes.

 

 

A reflection:

 

This series of market research reports provides forecasts in communications, communications, the Internet, computer, software, and telephone equipment. Project leaders have direct responsibility for writing and preparing each report. They have considerable experience in preparing industry studies. Forecasts are based on initial research and proprietary databases. The forecasts reflect the analysis of market trends in the sector and related sectors. Unit and dollar shipments are analyzed by considering the size of the dollar for each market share in this sector. Market share analysis includes conversations with key product customers, industry leaders, marketing managers, distributors, key market participants, and companies seeking to develop a measurable market share. More than 200 in-depth interviews are conducted for each report with a wide range of key participants and opinion leaders in the market segment.

In my opinion, Persistence Market Research explores a proven and proven research methodology for estimating revenues for the modern cable system market worldwide. A detailed sub-report is used to see the exact market size and key players in the market. All data were validated using triangulation, with primary and secondary data combined with information gathered by Persistence Market Research in the final data. The data is then examined by using advanced tools to obtain relevant insights into the market termination system of the universal cable modem.There is a huge opportunity with broadband on cable. Cable technology is growing exponentially as evidenced by the sales of DOCSIS standard modems. Cable modem devices with wireless objects will be an essential step to increase the opportunities for mobile Internet services at home. The electronic protocol solutions for various home broadband (cable, DSL, fiber) solutions will be transmitted to similar systems. These solutions will not only include infrastructure but also a range of additional revenue-generating services for operators.

The full range of services available from Ericsson to cable operators will be a major component among equipment suppliers. Much work can be done to access the static and mobile IP that Ericsson has already developed for an integrated cable solution.

Ericsson has an appropriate mix of capabilities to make cable broadband successful – cable modem, infrastructure and services. This combination forms the bridge that connects the Internet around the world to the home.

When installing a cable modem, it may be necessary to disconnect the power distribution unit and a high pass filter to isolate the TV from the “strong” signal from the cable modem. The filter also obscures upstream input noise in the low frequency band. Figure 6 shows how to disconnect the signal from the main cable to TVs and cable modems at home.

 

– Configuration

Cable modem connections are set up through a series of initialization steps. After power is turned on, the modem scans a streamed stream channel that can synchronize with it. CMTS sends synchronization packets to create a timing reference. Cable modems are synchronized and scrambled so that they know when transmission begins – to access a specific small tip provided by the main party. CMMS controls access to the slots by specifying the specified “transmit agents” to mini-bands (which may be subject to transmission contrary to or based on reservation). The reserved interval is a time limit reserved for a particular cable modem, meaning that no other cable modem can transmit it during this time. CMT allocates time intervals through the bandwidth allocation algorithm. The algorithm is specific to sellers and may vary greatly from seller to seller. Reserved intervals are generally suitable for long data transmissions. After synchronization is completed, the cable modem receives the initial parameters it needs to inform CMTS of its presence on the network. The cable modem receives the allocation information for the highest current – which it uses to initiate the process of determining the distances.

Due to the actual distance between the end of the head and the cable modem, the time delay (in milliseconds) can vary greatly. To compensate for delays, each modem uses a measuring protocol cable that effectively adjusts the internal clock. To do this, a number of consecutive time periods (usually three) are reserved for each select operation. The cable modem is instructed to send the second time. CMTS measures the transmission and charges the modem to its own clock as necessary. Slots remaining time before and after the gap is created to ensure no collision of burst range with other traffic.

The gradient is also used to coordinate the transmission power level of all cable modems, so that the upper power bursts reach CMTS at the same level. Balanced transmission power level is necessary to maintain optimal performance of the top-level defroster at the end of the head. The attenuation from the cable modem to the tip of the head can vary by more than 15 dB.

 

 

Standardization

In the United States, cable operators have formed a connection called CableLabs to accelerate the development of standards within the cable in the dust. In Europe, tCommLabs are playing a similar role. Other efforts are being made in Europe and North America to standardize voice over IP (VoIP) over cable networks and home networks.

One of the latest standards for CableLabs is the transmission of data via cable. This has led to the development of the DOCSIS specification which has been adopted as IEEE 802.14. Attached to this standard standard for European television standards. The standard was also adopted by tCommLabs, a group of European operators coordinated by Euro-DOCSIS 1.0. (Standard ETSI, ES 201 488 V1.1.1). It is based on version 1.1 and RFI version IO6, which is included in the tCommLabs extension for Euro-DOCSIS.

Each cable modem must pass a DOCSIS certificate by CableLabs. So far, DOCSIS has gone through seventeen waves of certification. Each wave consists of a set of lab tests and documentation to ensure compatibility of cable modem design with specific specifications and standards. Euro-DOCSIS requirements are supported by tCOMabs. They are currently in the third wave of compliance testing. Some of the improvements are

• Configuration and recording of cable

qoS list on the modem

• Primary packet data fragmentation;
• Suppression of the load head;
• Dynamic QoS creation

Service flows by CMTS.

The PacketCable standard specifies how to implement QoS for different types of multimedia streaming. The security part of the standard also includes provisions for privacy and encryption baselines to encrypt packet data over the cable network.

 

Future cable modem

In the future, cable modems are likely to be shared with other network features and LAN technologies to facilitate the distribution of broadband IP at home. At the low end, simple versions of cable modems will be integrated into personal computers. This development began in a home portal already. For protection and security, the portal will provide basic software features, such as NAT, and act as a DHCP server for local devices, allowing users to set up a large home network. Firewalls and content filtering can also be integrated into the modem to enhance the security of the family computing environment. Operators can simplify implementation and generate additional revenue by offering these features in the form of managed service.

The rule and global gameplay are used to facilitate implementation. Other LAN and wireless LAN interfaces, including Bluetooth, Hiper-LAN / 2, HomePNA, and Powerline networks are being considered. Specialized devices, such as decoders and gaming devices, may also come with a built-in cable modem in the future. These devices may even serve as home portals.

No matter what format these devices take, the most interesting and exciting part will be the additional capabilities, services and entertainment that broadband access will bring to our homes.

 

The survey:

Do you think the cable modem helps people?

– Yeah

– No

 

Do you think that TV and the Internet can work without cable modem?

– Yeah

– No

 

Does the modem cable bring damage?

– Yeah

– No

 

Is your use of the modem cable important?

-Yeah

-No

 

Using a cable modem helps me to accomplish Amory?

-Yeah

-No

 

Is it essential to have a cable modem at home?

-Yeah

-No

 

There are many kinds of cable modem?

-Agreed

– I do not agree

 

Conclusion:

Cable modem technology provides high-speed access to the Internet and World Wide Web services. Cable data networks integrate the elements necessary to advance beyond modem technology and provide measures such as privacy, security, data connectivity, Internet access, and quality of service features. The end-to-end network architecture enables a user cable modem to connect to the CMTS network, which in turn connects to a regional data center to access Internet services. Thus, through the network communication system, the cable data network can connect users to other users anywhere in the World Wide Web. A team of experts carried out heavy lifting to analyze every aspect of the market in detail so that key players in the market did not need to spend on internal research facilities. Companies that benefit from this report will benefit from the interventions listed. The report was prepared to establish a detailed research on cable termination system and the factors affecting market growth as well as the factors preventing the market from reaching its full potential.

 

References

Cadant.(2018).Cable Modems.http://cs.hadassah.ac.il/staff/martin/Seminar/cable_modem/cable_modem.pdf

Figueroa, J.(2001). Cable modems—Broadband highway to the home.http://cs.hadassah.ac.il/staff/martin/Seminar/cable_modem/cable_modem2.pdf

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