Approaches Used by Authors in Literature

Authors use different approaches to present their ideas to the readers in literature. Each author applies a unique strategy to capture the attention of the audience by choosing a suitable genre of his or work. The message contained in the rhetorical situations arising within the context of the story is modified to ensure that it received by the target audience. The genre is defined as a system of labeling work by the author to help the readers. The genre is presented in various styles depending on the social and cultural aspects that the writer holds as well as the target audience. Rhetorical situations in writing are the contexts of rhetorical acts that arise in the story. Finally, the audience refers to the target people that the author intends to communicate with during the story. Authors link the genre with the audience to ensure the rhetorical situations are shared and reach the audience. This paper seeks to analyze how different authors presented their genre, audience and rhetorical situations in three sources.

In the first article, “How to Tame a Wild Tongue” the author Gloria Anzaldua explains how she led her Chicana life at the time of immigration controversies. In this chapter, the writer expresses how the Latinos struggled to look for their national identity in the United States as well as find a language to communicate with others freely without shame and fear. The dominance of English language in the United States was giving the Hispanic immigrants a hard time to adapt to the culture. The writer focuses on Chicano readers as the primary audience where she shares her experience. However, she also targets the Americans to understand Chicano life and cope with them.

Gloria Anzaldua explains a moment in the office of the dentist where her tongue was considered the main issue while the dentist was working on her teeth. The writer used it as a metaphor to refer to her language. This implies that the story was built on satire. It appears funny, but the writer wants to send an important message that will help to unite the immigrants. While in the dentist office, they were forced to go through several layers of dialect in order to be understood. The writer describes how she had undergone many struggles in search for her identity. At one point, the teacher sent her to a corner when she failed to pronounce her name in the class.

The article explores the kind of struggles that immigrants undergo while associating themselves with native people. Language identity help to define a person’s culture and way of life. This helps people around him or her to gain a better understanding of the person. As a result, an individual is treated based on how others understand him or her. In this case, the writer faced oppression because of lack of language identity. The audience for this piece of literature work is informed about the importance of appreciating the language identity of others. The writer emphasizes that being a Chicano does not mean that she is isolated from other people in society. The notion that Chicanos cannot speak the Spanish language is outdated. It creates fear and shame among the Chicanos when talking to other Hispanic. As a result, they feel uncomfortable to communicate with others. Gloria Anzaldua describes this feeling like a barrier to mix with the natives. She sends a clear message of stereotypes founded on language identities among diverse communities.

In the second article, “Letter from Birmingham Jail” describe the writer’s reaction to the newspaper publisher calling their activities unwise and untimely. The author Martin Luther King, Jr slams the statement that was meant to decry the call for demonstrations in search for justice. According to his explanation, the writer sends a message to the audience that likes devaluing the ideas of the liberal-minded public. In his minds, he believes that they both have a role to play in the fight against injustices.  Each citizen has a duty to fight for justice and ensure that the country is reinstated regarding sanity and accountability. The writer of the letter provides the legal procedure for achieving a non-violent demonstration. In regard, he teaches the audience four significant steps of ensuring that there is a peaceful protest when searching for justice. Based on the writing style, the author uses an informative approach to provide the guideline for his fellow demonstrators who form a more significant portion of his audience.

The writer informs the audience that they should first carry out findings for the planned protest. In this case, he implies that for one to start and participate in a demonstration, he or she should first gather facts about the agenda of the protest. The second step is negotiation which involves sharing the ideas and having peaceful talks concerning the grievance.   Thirdly, the demonstrators should conduct self-purification and finally engage in direct action. The writers further indicate in the letter that he is not inferior to rebuke what is sounds unfair for the country. In the letter, the writer targets the clergymen to provide detailed answers to their quests regarding the demonstration. H condemns the statements meant by them referring to the protests as unwise and untimely.

The writers know how to present rhetorical situations to ensure that the audience receives the message and his opinion. He uses the you-know-what out of speeches; as a result, the writer makes an appeal to the readers’ heads and hearts as he alludes to the moral authority based on the traditions. In the letter, he sympathizes the collective struggling and suffering of the African Americans. Concerning ethos in the letter, the writer does not apply ethos explicitly a part from introducing himself as the president of SCLC. He strongly upholds a high ethical standard where he frames his stakes and arguments properly.  The letter presents the writers’ moral truth which is higher than the ordinances and local laws. The writer recognizes and protects America’s highest cultural ideas completely.

Finally, the third source, “If I Were A Man” by Rebecca Solnit describes her views on feminism in the past and current times. According to the writer being a woman is compared to a prison where one is banned from enjoying the freedom. In the article, the writer recalls how men carried banners reading. “Men are more than just success objects” according to her, and she thought being a girl would lead her to failure. Regarding success, men were figuring how their liberation would become parallel to the women liberation. Rebecca further urges that men would envy women because of their intelligence. She mentions the case where a proficient female writer who had written several intellectual books that were her friend would make men upset because of publishing more books. This implies that men had the stance that they were more intelligent than women and they deserved to achieve more than them.

The writer’s audience is both female and males who become influenced by feminism. She sends a strong message using fiction through books to strengthen hope in feminism. She believes that even though with time things change, young women have different experiences to share but for her being old she is left with horrifying experiences to talk about. Back in their days, they faced violence and harassment while growing up; however, young women in the current times promise to outwit the forces of men chauvinism and restore the faith in feminism.

The rhetorical situation presented by Rebecca is the urge to inform her audience about safeguarding respect for the females by their male counterparts. The writer points out important issues such as intelligence and success among women. The genre chose by the writer to articulate the problems in feminism and how women feel about their positions in society is based on the mystery of women. She uses her past encounters while growing up in the company of gay and male friends. The writer links the genre of mystery with the audience to emphasize her rhetorical concern for women.

In conclusion, each writer has selected a suitable genre depending on the context of his or her story. Readers who make up the virtual audience can relate the type of genre with the message and target audience. The writers present rhetorical situations in aligning with their thoughts about the context. They construct arguments and supports their ideas based on observations and past experiences. They believe that the target audience includes any person who has experienced similar encounters based on the context. In general, writers connect the genre with the audience by creating messages through rhetorical situations in their literary work.

 
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