Antibiotic resistance is currently a menace to humans, animals, and the environment. It majorly results from the wrongful use and the fact that antibiotics are being utilized in abundance to counter bacterial infections in both humans and animals.

The environment suffers from antibiotic resistance when it is polluted by waste from pharmaceutical industries, and this resistance occurs both in the soil and in the air where antibiotic-resistant genes have been found in abundance.

Antibiotic-resistant genes have contributed to devastating occurrences including human deaths of above 700,000 per year. Besides, the rate of transmission of these genes between humans and animals and in the environment is getting higher since they can easily be transferred (Pal et al., 2016). There are however current and emerging solutions to this antibiotic resistance some of which include imposing bans on the use of antibiotics by farmers to promote the growth of the animals, ensuring that clinicians make the most appropriate prescription of antibiotic drugs (World Health Organization. 2014).

Humans should be educated about harmful effects of antibiotic resistance wherever they are to be careful about their use, and this can be done in hospitals, schools and through stewardship programs created for the sole purpose of warning people about antibiotic resistant genes (Pal et al., 2016).

Hygiene and disinfection also come in handy in preventing this problem especially in hospitals where nosocomial bacterial infections are common and detrimental. Use of hand sanitizers, sterilization, gowns, gloves, uniforms, and aprons are essential in preventing transmission of diseases across people (Keen &Montforts, 2012).

Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) play a huge role in solving antibiotic resistance by using antibiotics only in bacterial infections, administration of the right antibiotic via the appropriate route of administration and through the shortest period, proper storage of all medicines and ensuring proper hygiene and disinfection practices in the hospital to prevent transmission of infection within the hospital.

References

Keen, P. L., & Montforts, M. H. M. M. (2012). Antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Pal, C., Bengtsson-Palme, J., Kristiansson, E. & Larsson, D. G. (2016). The Structure and Diversity of Human, Animal and Environmental Resistomes. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-016-0199-5

World Health Organization. (2014). Antimicrobial resistance: Global report on surveillance 2014.

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