The eye is responsible for the sense of sight among animals. Therefore, it ensures that locomotion can be achieved effortlessly. Further, despite its functional aspect, it also as an aesthetic value that it adds to the human body. Therefore, this paper will be discussing the various aspects of the eye that are related to its functionality. Disorders will also be included herein.

Pupil

The pupil is the aperture that allows the entry of light to the eye. It appears to be perfectly round and black in colour. The dark effect is caused by the fact that the retina absorbs the light and is not reflected.

Retina

The retina is responsible for the conversion of light signals to those that can be interpreted by the brain. It is located on the rare side of the eye. It is a sensory membrane that contains photoreceptors.

Iris and Uvea

The pigmented layer of the eyeball is known as the uvea. Further, it comprises the iris, choroid, and the ciliary body. The iris is made of connective tissue and muscle that surround the pupil (Rogers, 2011).  Additionally, the amount of pigmentation in the iris determines the colour of the eye.

Cornea

The cornea is the clear front part of the eye. It is directly in front of the pupil and the iris. It allows light to enter the eye.

Sclera

The sclera is the connective tissue that forms the “white” of the eye. The limbus is the junction between the clear cornea and the white sclera.

Orbit

The orbit refers to the socket or cavity where the eye and its appendages are situated in the skull.

Extraocular muscles

This part comprises six muscles that control the movement of the eye. The levator palpebrae superiosis is also part of the collection.

Conjunctiva

The conjunctiva is a thin, clear membrane that covers a bit of the eye’s front surface and the inner parts of the eyelid. It comprises the Bulbar and Palpebral conjunctiva (Acton, 2012).

Optic nerve

The optic nerve is responsible for carrying sensory nerve impulses from the retina toward the brain’s visual centres. Most of the nerve fibres are known to convey information on the central vision. It begins at the optic disk and goes all the way to the brain.

Eye Disorders

Some of the eye disorders might appear to be painless at the initial stages, but they may end up being explosive in the future. Therefore, it is prudent to seek professional insight regularly to avoid some of the complications that may arise.

Bulging Eyes

Proptosis arises when an eye or both protrude from the sockets. Fat deposits, lesions, and tissues behind the eyes tend to be among the most common causes of this phenomenon. If this condition is not controlled, it might lead to a permanent or partial loss of eyesight. Therefore, it requires urgent attention before it becomes uncontrollable.

Age-Generated Macular Degeneration

As people age, most of the physiological functions tend to be impaired. The degeneration of some parts of the eye might become inevitable in some instances. AMD raises when disturbance of the macula has happened. Therefore, the vision ends up being impaired eventually.

Cataracts

Cataracts arise when the lens of the eye degenerates. Consequently, the lens becomes opaque and vision becomes misty or blurred.

Colour Blindness

This condition arises when there is colour vision deficiency. Therefore, individuals who have this form of complication tend to find it hard agreeing with others on the matching of colours.

Glaucoma

This condition arises when there is a build-up of pressure as a result of fluids. This further causes the damaging of the optic nerve.

Reference

Acton, A. (2012). Eye Disorders: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional

Rogers, K. (2011). The eye: The physiology of human perception. New York: Britannica   Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services.

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