1. Which level of moral development does Kohlberg call the “principled level”?
a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level III
d. Level IV
Answer is C.

2. What is the first level of moral development, according to Lawrence Kohlberg?
a. Autonomous
b. Conventional
c. Preconventional
d. Postconventional
Answer is C.
3. John Stuart Mill’s approach to ethics would be classified as what sort of general ethical
approach?
a. Theological
b. Deontological
c. Utilitarian
d. Ontological
Answer is C.
4. What is the name given to philosophers who attempt to use only one ethical approach to ethical
questions?
a. Ethical monists
b. Utilitarians
c. Deontologists
d. Ethical pluralists
Answer is A.
5. What is the name given to philosophers who construct their ethical approaches with mixed
approaches?
a. Utilitarians
b. Ethical monists
c. Ethical pluralists
d. Deontologists
Answer is D.
6. This type of utilitarianism holds that the basic human values are pleasure and pain.
a. Hedonistic utilitarianism
b. Ideal utilitarianism
c. Eudaimonistic utilitarianism
d. Classic utilitarianism
Answer is A.
7. This type of utilitarianism maintains that what has to be calculated is not pleasure or happiness,
but all intrinsically valuable human goods such as friendship and knowledge.
a. Hedonistic utilitarianism
b. Ideal utilitarianism
c. Eudaimonistic utilitarianism
d. Classic utilitarianism
Answer is B.
8. This type of utilitarianism holds that the basic human value is happiness.
a. Hedonistic utilitarianism
b. Ideal utilitarianism
c. Eudaimonistic utilitarianism
d. Classic utilitarianism
Answer is D.
9. This type of utilitarianism holds that utility applies appropriately to classes of actions rather
than to given individual actions.
a. Act utilitarianism
b. Ideal utilitarianism
c. Eudaimonistic utilitarianism
d. Rule utilitarianism
Answer is D.
10. A Theory of Justice (1971) was written by:
a. John Rawls.
b. Lou Dobbs.
c. Ken Wilber.
d. Thomas Jefferson.
Answer is A.
11. Normative ethical relativism claims that when any two cultures or any two people hold
different moral views of an action:
a. only one can be right.
b. both can be right.
c. one is superior.
d. none of the above.
Answer is B.
12. The ____________ of an action is a careful statement or description of its essential features.
a. maxim
b. principle
c. rule
d. content
Answer is A.
13. The first type of freedom is a human being’s ability to choose:
a. their religious beliefs.
b. to act morally or immorally.
c. to express their thoughts.
d. none of the above.
Answer is B.
14. According to the deontological position, if a maxim passes all __________ tests, it is moral, if
it fails any one of them, it is immoral.
a. three
b. four
c. five
d. six
Answer is A.
15. ___________ duties clearly describe actions that are prohibited by moral law.
a. Imperfect
b. Perfect
c. Moral
d. Immoral
Answer is B.
16. ___________ duties cannot be specified with precision and the object of the action in question
is indeterminate.
a. Imperfect
b. Perfect
c. Moral
d. Immoral
Answer is A.
17. The example to _____________ satisfies all three tests of the Categorical Imperative.
a. act morally
b. help those in need
c. tell the truth at all times
d. none of the above
Answer is A.
18. Moral ____________ are important, normative and justifiable claims or entitlements.
a. actions
b. rights
c. duties
d. justice
Answer is B.
19. ____________ rights protect an individual from interference by both the government and other
people.
a. Negative
b. Positive
c. Ethical
d. Moral
Answer is A.
20. ____________ rights require either the government or other individuals to provide the bearer of
the right with certain positive goods or opportunities.
a. Negative
b. Positive
c. Ethical
d. Moral
Answer is B.
21. ___________ rights are legal rights that typically apply to citizens and not to all human beings.
a. ethical
b. moral
c. civil
d. human
Answer is C.
22. Which of the following is NOT a condition for an action to be considered a moral action?
a. It must take into consideration the particular circumstances.
b. It must be amenable to being made consistently universal.
c. It must respect rational beings as ends in themselves.
d. It must stem from, and respect, the autonomy of rational beings
Answer is A.
23. ____________ justice consists in compensating someone for a past injustice or making good
some harm he or she has suffered in the past.
a. Compensatory
b. Retributive
c. Commutative
d. Distributive
Answer is A.
24 ___________ justice concerns punishment due a lawbreaker or evil-doer.
a. Compensatory
b. Retributive
c. Commutative
d. Distributive
Answer is B.
25. ___________ justice refers to justice in transactions.
a. Compensatory
b. Retributive
c. Commutative
d. Distributive
Answer is C.
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